中國(guó)財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)研究綜述(ppt)

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清華大學(xué)卓越生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)總監(jiān)高級(jí)研修班

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中國(guó)財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)研究綜述(ppt)
中國(guó)財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)研究綜述 A Review of Financial Accounting Research in China
結(jié)構(gòu) Outline
分析框架
Framework
文獻(xiàn)評(píng)述 Literature Review
中國(guó)實(shí)證財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)研究中存在的基本問(wèn)題 Weakness in current research
中國(guó)實(shí)證會(huì)計(jì)研究的未來(lái)發(fā)展方向 Future Directions
中國(guó)實(shí)證研究的發(fā)展 Development of Empirical Accounting Research in China
我國(guó)實(shí)證研究發(fā)展的原因
Driving Forces
證券市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展為實(shí)證研究提供了豐富的課題和數(shù)據(jù)
Development of capital market
海外學(xué)者的推動(dòng)
Efforts of Oversea Scholars
博士生教學(xué)方式的變革
Trian Reform of PhD Program
會(huì)計(jì)信息的編報(bào)視角 Financial Reporting Perspective
會(huì)計(jì)制度的選擇與影響
Accounting System Choice
盈余管理
Earnings Management
會(huì)計(jì)政策選擇
Accounting Policy Choice
盈利預(yù)測(cè)
Earnings Forecast
會(huì)計(jì)制度的選擇與影響 Choice of Accounting Policy and Its Impact
研究?jī)?nèi)容:會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的差異及其影響
Difference and Impact of Accounting Standards: CAS vs IAS
主要文獻(xiàn): Literature
李樹(shù)華(1997);
李東平(1999);
Lin,Chen(1999);
Chen,Gul和Su(1999);
李東平(2000a) ;
李東平(2000b) ;
主要發(fā)現(xiàn) Main Findings
B股和H股公司稅后凈利潤(rùn)的境內(nèi)外報(bào)告存在著巨大的差異;
Significant difference in reported earnings based on CAS and IAS for B-share and H-share companies
這種差異具有逐漸下降的趨勢(shì);
The difference is decreasing over years
境內(nèi)外會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所的關(guān)系對(duì)于凈利潤(rùn)差異具有比較重要的影響;
The difference is affected by the relationship between domestic and oversea auditors
局限性 Limitations
在差異的截面解釋上,基本上是從會(huì)計(jì)制度與審計(jì)師的層面尋求原因,對(duì)于上市公司本身的行為動(dòng)機(jī)則考慮不夠;
Cross-sectional explanations focus on the accounting system and auditor, while ignore the motivation of listed companies
上述研究主要著眼于并行采用的不同會(huì)計(jì)體系對(duì)于會(huì)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)所產(chǎn)生的影響,尋 求的是信息橫向可比性的增強(qiáng),對(duì)于這種體系本身的縱向變革所產(chǎn)生的總體效應(yīng)仍然缺乏了解;
Need to understand the overall effect of the system change (introduction of accounting standards to existing system)
盈余管理與會(huì)計(jì)政策選擇 Earnings Management and Accounting Policy Choice
盈余管理的研究往往從某種特定的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)出發(fā),尋找盈余管理動(dòng)機(jī)存在的證據(jù)及其方式;
Earnings Management research try to find evidence of existence and methods of earnings management by focusing on specific economic incentive
會(huì)計(jì)政策選擇的研究則是從具體的選擇結(jié)果出發(fā),探討特定會(huì)計(jì)政策背后的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī);
Accounting Policy Choice analyzes the incentive based on the policy chosen
盈余管理動(dòng)機(jī) Incentive of Earnings Management
西方 Western
資本市場(chǎng)動(dòng)機(jī);
Capital Market Incentive
基于會(huì)計(jì)盈余數(shù)據(jù)的契約動(dòng)機(jī);
Contract based on the accounting numbers
迎合或規(guī)避政府監(jiān)管的動(dòng)機(jī);
Government Regulation
中國(guó) China
圈錢 Capital Suction
坐莊 Stock Price Manipulation
保級(jí) Maintain Listing Right
主要文獻(xiàn) Literatures on EM in China
IPO 過(guò)程中的財(cái)務(wù)包裝: Aharony, Lee,Wong(2000);林舒,魏明海(2000);
Financial Packaging in IPO
配股動(dòng)機(jī): 蔣義宏(1998b);劉杰(1999);孫錚,王躍堂(1999);陳小悅,肖星,過(guò)曉燕(2000);章永奎(2000);
Earnings Management for Right Offering
虧損公司的盈余管理:陸建橋(1999);陳曉,戴翠玉(2002),薛爽(2003)
Earnings Management for Loss Firms
政府的盈余管理行為:陳曉,李靜(2001);
Earnings Management by Government
主要發(fā)現(xiàn) Main Findings
無(wú)論是A股公司,還是B股或H股公司,在IPO的過(guò)程中均存在著一定的盈余管理行為 ;
Earnings Management in IPO for A, B, and H-share firms
避免退市或受到特殊處理,或達(dá)到配股要求,構(gòu)成了上市公司上市之后最重要的盈余管理動(dòng)機(jī) ;
Strong EM incentive to avoid delisting or special treatment, and to meet right offering requirement
盈余管理方式包括:涉及線下項(xiàng)目的交易 、操縱應(yīng)計(jì)項(xiàng)目、政府財(cái)政支持;
Ways of Earnings Management: Transaction through below-line items, Discretionary Accruals, Government Fiscal Support
會(huì)計(jì)政策選擇 Accounting Policy Choice
主要文獻(xiàn):Literatures
王躍堂(2000);
李增泉(2001);
吳東輝(2001);
蔡祥,張海燕(2002) ;
主要發(fā)現(xiàn)及局限性 Findings and Limitations
西方“三大假設(shè)”(薪酬契約、債務(wù)契約、政治成本)基本上未得到支持;
No supporting evidence of three major hypotheses (Compensation Contract, Debt Contract, and Political Cost) in western literatures
上市公司會(huì)計(jì)政策選擇行為的主要決定因素是證券市場(chǎng)的監(jiān)管政策、公司治理結(jié)構(gòu);
Determinants of accounting choice in China is the regulation and corporate governance
局限性:過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)會(huì)計(jì)選擇的盈余目標(biāo)
Limitations: Overemphasize the earnings objective of accounting choice
盈利預(yù)測(cè) Earnings Forecast
研究?jī)?nèi)容:盈利預(yù)測(cè)的精確性 、自愿披露的行為動(dòng)機(jī)
Forecast Accuracy, Voluntary Disclosure Incentive
主要文獻(xiàn):
Literatures
陳工孟、魏剛(1999);
李衛(wèi)民(2000);
蔣義宏,魏剛(2001);
徐宗宇(2000);
主要發(fā)現(xiàn) Main Findings
上市公司的盈利預(yù)測(cè)早期表現(xiàn)出“穩(wěn)健”預(yù)測(cè)的特點(diǎn),即平均來(lái)看,上市公司的實(shí)際盈利數(shù)高于預(yù)測(cè)值,但這種“穩(wěn)健性”隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展不斷減弱
Earnings forecast tend to be “conservative” at the beginning, i.e. actual earnings lower than forecast; the conservatism is declining over time
會(huì)計(jì)信息的評(píng)價(jià)與使用 Evaluation and Use of Accounting Information
會(huì)計(jì)制度及其改革的評(píng)價(jià)
Accounting System Reform
會(huì)計(jì)信息的披露效應(yīng)
Information Content of Financial Information Disclosure
會(huì)計(jì)信息的價(jià)值相關(guān)性
Value Relevance of Accounting Information
監(jiān)管者對(duì)盈余管理的識(shí)別
Detection of Earnings Management by CSRC
財(cái)務(wù)困境預(yù)測(cè)
Financial Distress Prediction
會(huì)計(jì)制度及其改革的評(píng)價(jià) Accounting System Reform
會(huì)計(jì)制度調(diào)整的可能影響:
Effect of Accounting System Changes
改變投資者關(guān)于上市公司未來(lái)業(yè)績(jī)的預(yù)期,從而影響公司的股價(jià);
Change investors’ expectation of future performance and affect the stock price
改變投資者關(guān)于會(huì)計(jì)信息質(zhì)量的評(píng)價(jià),從而影響會(huì)計(jì)信息在股票定價(jià)中的作用
Change investors’ evaluation of accounting information quality, hence affect the role of accounting information in valuation
會(huì)計(jì)制度及其改革的評(píng)價(jià) Accounting System Reform
主要文獻(xiàn):Literature
王躍堂,孫錚,陳世敏(2001a);
王躍堂,孫錚,陳世敏(2001b);
研究設(shè)計(jì)的局限性:Limitations
事件日的選擇
Choice of event day
假設(shè)的不恰當(dāng),比如,“與未執(zhí)行三大減值政策的A股公司比較,自愿執(zhí)行三大減值政策的公司的會(huì)計(jì)盈余質(zhì)量更高,若市場(chǎng)也能識(shí)別,那么后者對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)盈余的反應(yīng)系數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)上應(yīng)顯著高于前者”;
Inappropriate Hypothesis
會(huì)計(jì)信息的披露效應(yīng) 與價(jià)值相關(guān)性 Information Content and Value Relevance of Accounting Information
信息觀與計(jì)價(jià)觀
Information Perspective and Valuation Perspective
事件研究與關(guān)聯(lián)研究
Event Study and Association Study
會(huì)計(jì)信息的披露效應(yīng) Information Content of Accounting Information
研究?jī)?nèi)容:在較短的一個(gè)時(shí)間窗口來(lái)看會(huì)計(jì)信息的披露是否向市場(chǎng)提供了新的信息
Whether accounting information disclosure provides new information to market
主要文獻(xiàn):Literatures
趙宇龍(1998); 趙宇龍(1999);陳曉,
陳小悅,劉釗(1999);
薛爽(2001);Liu、Wang和Zhang(2002)
陳曉、陳淑燕(2001a,2001b),劉力、俞競(jìng)(2002);
趙宇龍,王志臺(tái)(1999);
陸正飛、黃明輝(2002)
主要發(fā)現(xiàn) Main Findings
會(huì)計(jì)盈余的披露具有顯著的價(jià)格和交易量效應(yīng),但市場(chǎng)存在一定程度的滯后反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象 ;
Significant Price and Trading Volume Reaction to Earnings Announcement, but with lagged effect
證券市場(chǎng)只是機(jī)械地對(duì)名義上的每股收益(EPS)作出價(jià)格上的反映,存在著“功能鎖定”的現(xiàn)象;
Functional Fixation to EPS
會(huì)計(jì)信息的披露效應(yīng)一部分在上市公司發(fā)布預(yù)虧公告時(shí)得到釋放;
Market Reaction to Pre-announcement of losses
主要局限性 Limitations
估計(jì)窗口和事件窗口重合;
Overlap of Estimation Period and Event Period
事件窗口過(guò)長(zhǎng);
Use long event window
缺乏對(duì)年報(bào)中其他信息的控制;
No control for other information in the annual report
正?;貓?bào)率估計(jì)方法的不一致;
Inconsistency in estimation of normal return
盈利信息的市場(chǎng)反應(yīng) Market Reaction to Earnings Announcement
盈余公告的交易量反應(yīng) (Trading Volume Reaction)
盈余信息的交易量反應(yīng)
可能的拓展方向 Future Research
盈利生成過(guò)程 ;
Earnings generating process
從盈余管理經(jīng)濟(jì)后果的角度,對(duì)盈余構(gòu)成(比如可操縱性應(yīng)計(jì)利潤(rùn)或現(xiàn)金流量比重的高低)的市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn) ;
Examine the market reaction to different component of earnings (Discretionary accruals and cash flow components) from the earnings management consequences perspective
為什么會(huì)有規(guī)模效應(yīng)?
Size Effect?
會(huì)計(jì)信息的價(jià)值相關(guān)性 Value Relevance of Accounting Information
研究?jī)?nèi)容:在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間窗口內(nèi)來(lái)看股票的投資回報(bào)或價(jià)格是否與會(huì)計(jì)信息之間存在穩(wěn)定的相關(guān)關(guān)系
Test the association between stock return and accounting information in a long period
主要文獻(xiàn):Literatures
Haw,Qi,Wu(1998);Eccher和Healy(2000);Bao,Chou(1999); Chen,F(xiàn)irth,Kim(2000);
陸宇峰(1999);趙宇龍(1999);孫愛(ài)軍(2000);Chen,
Chen, Su (2001);
薛爽(2002),Lee和Cao(2003);
孫錚,李增泉(2001a);陳信元,陳冬華,朱紅軍(2002);

主要發(fā)現(xiàn) Main Findings
按不同會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則編制的會(huì)計(jì)信息價(jià)值相關(guān)性存在一定的差異;
Difference in value relevance of accounting information prepared under different accounting standards
會(huì)計(jì)收益對(duì)股票收益具有顯著的影響,且這種影響呈不斷增強(qiáng)的趨勢(shì) ;
Strong association between stock return and accounting earnings
經(jīng)濟(jì)收益指標(biāo)的價(jià)值相關(guān)性強(qiáng)于會(huì)計(jì)收益指標(biāo)的價(jià)值相關(guān)性 ;
EVA value relevance is higher than accounting earnings
財(cái)務(wù)困境預(yù)測(cè) Prediction of Financial Distress
研究?jī)?nèi)容:會(huì)計(jì)信息的預(yù)測(cè)有用性
Predictability of accounting information
主要文獻(xiàn):Literatures
陳靜(1999);
陳曉,陳治鴻(2000) ;
吳世農(nóng)、盧賢義(2001);
張愛(ài)民、祝春、許丹健(2001) ;
張艷(2002);


主要局限性 Limitations
缺乏經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的指導(dǎo) ;
Inadequate economic theory
最優(yōu)的判別變量往往是陷入財(cái)務(wù)困境的征兆,而非陷入財(cái)務(wù)困境的原因 ;
The most significant variables are proxies for financial distress, not reasons of financial distress
配對(duì)方法;
Matched Sample Method
被解釋變量的選擇;
Selection of dependent variable
解釋變量的選擇 ;
Selection of independent variables
監(jiān)管者對(duì)盈余管理的識(shí)別 Regulators’ Detection of Earnings Management
主要文獻(xiàn) :Chen, Yuan(2000)
主要發(fā)現(xiàn):
在1998年之后,管制者在批準(zhǔn)配股的過(guò)程中一定程度上考慮了上市公司的盈余管理行為,在這之前則缺乏明顯的證據(jù)表明這一點(diǎn);
Regulators took into consideration the earnings management by listed firms in the approval process of right offering
中國(guó)實(shí)證會(huì)計(jì)研究的基本缺陷 Weaknesses of Empirical Accounting Research in China
“短平快”
Brevity and Hastiness
缺乏以學(xué)術(shù)為終身職業(yè)的學(xué)者;
Lack tenure-track scholars
對(duì)中國(guó)國(guó)情的分析不足 ;
Inadequate analysis of China’s realities
沒(méi)有適合的學(xué)術(shù)刊物 ;
Lack of appropriate academic journals
中國(guó)實(shí)證會(huì)計(jì)研究發(fā)展的未來(lái)方向 Future Directions
緊密聯(lián)系中國(guó)的制度背景
More closely examine the institutional background
加強(qiáng)實(shí)地研究;More field study
公司治理問(wèn)題對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)的影響
impact of corporate governance problems on accounting choice
大股東 vs 小股東
Large shareholder vs Small Shareholders
流通股股東 vs 非流通股股東
Non-trading stock shareholders vs trading stock shareholders.
未來(lái)方向 Future Directions
究竟誰(shuí)需要會(huì)計(jì)信息 ?
Who needs the accounting information in China?
財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)在契約執(zhí)行中的作用
Role of Accounting Numbers in Contract Design
國(guó)際化 vs 中國(guó)特色
Internationalization v.s. Chinese Characteristics
基于原則的會(huì)計(jì) vs 基于規(guī)則的會(huì)計(jì)
誰(shuí)更能解決會(huì)計(jì)信息失真問(wèn)題
Principle Based Accounting v.s. Rule based Accounting------which can improve accounting information quality?
謝謝! Thank You!

中國(guó)財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)研究綜述(ppt)
 

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